Advantages and Reasons of Being Bilingual

Advantages and Reasons of Being Bilingual Saunders (1988) states that Fishman, a well-known writer in bilingualism, declares that more than half of the worlds population today uses more than one language while engaging in activities basic to human needs (Saunders 1988 p.1). Numerous causes contribute to the emergence and dominance of bilingualism. There are various optional or compulsory factors. Immigration is a major factor of being bilingual, whereas Immigrants move from one country to another, because of various reasons. For example, some of them escape from wars or poverty in their countries to search for better life in foreign linguistic communities. As a result, they will be forced to learn the language of the host countries and become bilingual in order to have wider contact opportunities and getting jobs. According to Saunders (1988), most immigrants speak the language of the new culture and environment. In Australia, for instance, 86.3% of immigrants speak their second language more than their home languages. Geogr aphical proximity of two countries is a possible factor of being bilingual, where people of the two communities need the communication among each other for different purposes like trade and other social relations like marriage resulting in bilingual families. Saunders also states that commerce and trade are critical factors motivating people to acquire a second language. Most economic business and commercial markets involve bilingual individuals to deal with customers from multicultural areas. 2.3.1 Education as a great reason of being bilingual: Education is one of the most fundamental factors pushing or motivating individuals to learn a second language. Being bilingual through education can be optional or obligatory. I notice that, in all Arab Gulf countries, most school students become bilingual due to their learning of English as a compulsory subject. However, there are some students, including colleges and universities students, who learn their second language English as an optional subject. The learning of English in these countries seems to be the result of the international relations between them and the United Kingdom. It is worth mentioning that the main focus of my research paper is being bilingual due to education. According to Baker (1988), bilingual education refers to any program aiming to teach students a second language besides their mother tongue at school. It takes various classifications based on the following factors. First of all, bilingual education is classified to elitist bilingualism and folk bilingualism according to the incentive of being bilingual. Elitist bilingualism is regarded as a reward offered to certain special individuals by government. Some students, for instance, are rewarded by being allowed to study abroad or study in prestigious universities in their countries. On the other hand, folk bilingual education is deemed a crucial need people have to meet in order to remain alive. When immigrants move to a new place, they acquire the language of that place so that they can interact with people there. Bilingual education is also categorized into immersion and submersion bilingual education based on the use of both languages in learning. In the immersion education, student s are allowed to speak their mother tongue while experiencing their subjects and communicating with teachers. They learn the second language gradually as time goes by. In contrast, students are not allowed to speak their home language in the submersion bilingual education. They are taught all their subjects in their second language. According to the major used language, bilingual education can be also categorized into transitional and maintenance or enrichment bilingual educations. Transitional bilingual education essentially aims to develop and make students fluent in one language only, which is the majority language. Therefore, this bilingual education focuses on the bilingualà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s first language in the learning procedures with few extra classes to learn the second language. For example, in the USA and Europe, the minority of languages are taken into account and cured in order to make the minority groups to be able to continue the education in English or other majority languages. Huddy and Sears (1984), state that bilingual education is improved in the United States by the Bilingual Educational Act in order to meet the needs of children who speak minor languages (Huddy and Sears 1984). On the other hand, maintenance or enrichment bilingual education aims to teach children their subjects with both languages to guarantee that children get good levels of proficiency in both languages. Baker indicates that some students are taught some subjects such as grammar in their native language, while mathematics is learned in the second language. Consequently, students master both languages, and the two languages are developed simultaneously. This type of education is used for example in Canada and Wales as Baker shows that à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"English speakers are taught French or Welsh to enable them to be fully bilingualà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (P, 47). I assume that maintenance or enrichment bilingual education refers to th e same kind of education used in Oman but, here, the government uses the term dual education to refer to it.

Schools and Education - Understanding the Rise in Apathy, Cheating and

The Rise in Apathy, Cheating and Plagiarism – Understanding the Problem Over the past ten years teachers have witnessed a drop in student preparation and a rise in apathy and cheating. Students who cheat do so from a variety of motives. Making this situation even more difficult is that faculty members do not even define plagiarism the same or punish it consistently (Howard, â€Å"Sexuality† 473). Some surveys even show that teachers simply ignore the problem or do not report plagiarism because: â€Å"they do not want to be bothered, because they think only the student who cheated is actually harmed, or because of the unpleasant bureaucracy and documentation ramifications† (Moeck 484). Alschuler and Blimling add to this list the fear of litigation, student reprisals, administrative reprimands and lack of support (124). With such diversity and outright dissention among teachers, finding solutions to these problems will require not only a common purpose but also an understanding of what may be at the heart of these issues. One potent ial answer lies in educating ourselves about the history and nature of plagiarism. Another potential answer lies in analyzing how so many students arrive at college ill-prepared and apathetic. Freire’s theories on banking education may explain some of these problems concerning student preparation and academic integrity. First, we must understand the history of plagiarism and the problem many instructors have in separating original thinking from collaborative thinking (that which is influenced by those who have come before). Western thought traces its roots to the great civilizations of Classical Greece and Rome. The nature of much writing from this period up into the 19th Century was ... ...n, 1993. 17-24. Howard, Rebecca Moore. â€Å"Plagiarisms, Authorships, and the Academic Death Penalty.† College English 57 (1995). 788-806. ---. â€Å"Sexuality, Textuality: The Cultural Work of Plagiarism.† College English 62 (2002). 473-91. Jeffers, Thomas L. â€Å"Plagiarism High and Low.† Commentary 114 (2002). 54-61. McCabe, Donald L. â€Å"Students Cheating in American High Schools.† The Center for Academic Integrity. 2002. 10 Nov. 2002. . Moeck, P. G. â€Å"Academic Dishonesty: Cheating Among Community College Students.† Community College Journal of Research and Practice 26 (2002). 479-91. â€Å"Statistics.† Plagiarism.org. 10 Nov. 2002. . Roberts, Peter. Education, Literacy, and Humanization: Exploring the Work of Paolo Freire. Ed. Henry A. Giroux. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 2002. 54-73.

Irony in Love

Irony in Love Irony is a mystery. The smartest minds of society even contradict themselves; nothing goes as planned. No matter how much people are molded by others, they are always their own individual with their own free will. Love is also a mystery; it is an emotion, but also a psychological necessity. Having immense book smarts and everything planned out does not set the standards for the ideal guy. Conceded, self-centered people have no realization that the world does not revolve around them and their opinion.In many cases, the guy â€Å"on top† does not always get what he wants but what he deserves. In Max Sultan's, Love Is a Fallacy, the story has almost no association with the emotion love; it follows the material, selfish, earthly values of humans. Salmon portrays how irony can be seen through a man teaching a woman how to be logic, but then the woman turns away. Logically choosing another mate. A young law student pursues Poly Espy; a beautiful, graceful classmate who is not the brilliant compared to him. He aims to teach her logic, making them the â€Å"perfect† pair.In his arrogance he neglects to see that Poly is her own person and does not have to choose him, no matter his educational status. After all the knowledge given to her, she makes the decision to â€Å"go steady' with his roommate, Petty Bellows, realizing their relationship is not a logical choice for her life. As John Gay has said â€Å"follow love and it will flee, flee love and it will follow. † Poly sees right through the main character, all his â€Å"hard work† back fired. In the end of the story she has no interest in him. With all his intelligence, he has no emotions.Everything enters around him. During the story, Poly and the future lawyer meet for their â€Å"dates† at the Knoll. Known for being regularly visited by young couples as a hook up spot. Though this young couple ironically goes to talk about logic. The young law student could have ta ken her any. Veer at all, but chose to take her to a romantic spot for a non-romantic conversation. His unconscious, emotionless choice provides the audience and Poly even more information to come to the conclusion that he isn't emotionally interested; even though he stated it early in the story.For him this is strictly an experiment to see if Poly is â€Å"worthy' of him. He would rather spend the time â€Å"correcting† Polyps mind because she is â€Å"logic-proof,† than trying to get to know her for who she really is. In doing this he debilitates the chemical process the brain completes in order to feel the emotion of lust and attraction. Everyone and everything has to measure up to him or it is not good enough. Though, in the end the law student doesn't measure up to his roommate that is â€Å"dumb as an ox. † At the end of the story, Poly chooses Petty over the pompous law student imply because of the raccoon coat.Ironically the reason petty has the coat is because of the fact that his roommate gave him it for the girl. Poly hilariously proves to the young man that no matter how well put together someone's future or current situation in life, something as simple as a raccoon coat can leave you in the dust. From the very beginning, Poly and Petty already had chemistry. Like John Dryden once said â€Å"love is not in our choice but in our fate,† there was something established prior. The young lawyer sought out to take her, not even considering she needed to be won over.Once again not thinking about another individual's opinion, only his need and wants to become a â€Å"successful† lawyer. Proven in Love Is a Fallacy, you can educate someone to a higher standard but the repercussions of that action may not be in your favor. This lead to the knowledge that having a giant intellect does not mean that an individual knows everything, especially about love. Many geniuses do not understand that not every aspect of life needs to be mathematically calculated to precision. People are singular because no one is exactly alike.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Brewing Chinese Tea

Sexuality And The American Psychological Association

Long go the days of prude and proprietary notions of sexuality, in comes an era of more excepting generation that has accepted (for the majority) all of the twists and turns of sexuality and all of its counterparts. This generation during its liberation has been incarcerated by its own doing, instead of these people being seen as freed, they shamed and sexualized. Hyper-sexualization is defined by the American Psychological Association as â€Å"occurring when a person’s value comes only from his or her sexual appeal or behavior to the exclusion of other characteristics† (Jones). By this definition all qualities of a person is negated by their sex appeal. Then how can people hypersexualize children and youth? Aren’t they innately innocent? In†¦show more content†¦In America, the battle of hypersexualization is being wage, there are two main opposing groups and many extreme factions that are divided on the subject on of hypersexualization of youth, specifically girls. One side makes the claim that â€Å" we [have] no responsibility as a culture of the portrayal of girls as boy’s playing from and increasingly young age, and do we really believe that the growing degradation of women has no consequence† (Boteach). The other simply states â€Å"Children are not sexual. Exposed skin is not sexual. Children with exposed skin are not sexual† (Pickles). These two opposers generally agree in extreme cases of hypersexualization, where it can be detrimental to the child’s well-being. For example, child beauty pageants and how drastically it can sexualize a child. This sexualization will lead to mental health issues; eating disorder, unhealthy sexual development, and depression (Jones). For the smaller and more bine actions is where they clash. The daily routines of American youth, what they wear, act, speak, and show. Shmuley Boteach wrote an article addressing how Victoria’s Secret is targeting young girls with their PINK line. With words of â€Å"call me† and â€Å"I dare you† written on their underwear (Boteach).

Video Game Industry Analysis - 2720 Words

SALES, DEMOGRAPHIC AND USAGE DATA 2013 ESSENTIAL FACTS ABOUT THE COMPUTER AND VIDEO GAME INDUSTRY [ iii ] â€Å"No other sector has experienced the same explosive growth as the computer and video game industry. Our creative publishers and talented workforce continue to accelerate advancement and pioneer new products that push boundaries and unlock entertainment experiences. These innovations in turn drive enhanced player connectivity, fuel demand for products, and encourage the progression of an expanding and diversified consumer base.† —Michael D. Gallagher, president and CEO, Entertainment Software Association [ iv ] WHAT’S INSIDE WHO IS PLAYING 2 3 Who Plays Computer and Video Games? Who Buys Computer and Video Games?†¦show more content†¦of parents believe that the parental controls available on all new video game consoles are useful. 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Film Industry In Hindi Language From India †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Film Industry In Hindi Language From India? Answer: Introducation Bollywood industry represents the film industry in Hindi language from India. Currently, bollywood is one of the leading and prominent film industries around the world. Moreover, bollywood is having the record of producing highest number of movies every year. However, the key distinctive aspects of bollywood are something else which are creating waves in the Asian regions and around the world. The south Asian regions are already being covered by the craze of bollywood movies. The popularity of the bollywood movies is now expanding in other Asian regions. It is rapidly evolving as the popular culture in the Asian countries (Daspit and Weaver 2012). In the recent years, newly released bollywood movies are earning huge money from several Asian regions and they are going to prove as money spinner in various countries. Now the there are various concepts and debates being held to determine the reasons behind this popularity of bollywood movies in the Asian regions. This essay will discuss about the probable reasons of gaining popularity of bollywood movies along with discussing various theories being given by different authors. It will help to identify the core competitive advantages of these movies which help them to stay ahead over other competitors. According to Roy (2012), the key reason for the bollywood movies in becoming the popular culture in the Asian regions is the vibrant nature or approach of the movies. According to him, the approach of storytelling of the bollywood movies is much different than that of the approach of the movies from other countries. The film industry from America which is popularly known as Hollywood is the leading the film industry in the world. However, they are trailing behind the bollywood movies in terms of vibrancy. He also stated that bollywood movies involve more extensive use of colors and festivals which increase the aesthetic value of the movies. Thus, they are being more attracted by the people from various Asian regions who are not accustomed with these types of movies. Related to this concept, another author also added some more aspects which further help to identify the reasons for the bollywood movies for becoming the popular culture in different Asian regions. Mukherjee (2012), stated that involvement of songs in the movies is one of the key reasons for the bollywood industries to gain momentum in the Asian countries. This is due to the reason that, involvement of songs helps to gain more attractions towards the movies. Moreover, the songs normally used in the bollywood movies involve synchronized beats and tunes which feels pleasurable to hear. The songs and dance sequence being used in the bollywood movies is one of the unique features which helps to attract foreign audience. Thus, it helps to gain the instant attraction from the side of the audience. In the Asian regions, countries such as China, South Korea and Japan is also having prominent film industries but they are more influenced by the Hollywood culture and thus, bollywood movies are getting the market place by offering something different and unique to the audience. According to Willis (2013), bollywood movies also involve different genres in one single movie. Thus, audience has the choice of enjoying various genres in one single movie. Majority of the Hollywood and movies from other countries follows a single genre, whereas in the case of bollywood movies, action, romance, climax, songs and dance are all being involved in a single movie. This is also one of the key reasons of growing popularity of the bollywood movies in different Asian regions. Bollywood films have the perfect blend of all the genres in their mainstream movies which increase their attractiveness to the audience (Morcom 2017). This type of concept is new to the countries in the Asian regions expect the Indian subcontinent. Thus, bollywood is having large untapped market to grow by offering distinctive films. According to Roy (2016), the pattern and design of the story being portrayed by the bollywood movies is much easy to connect to the audience compared to other film industries. This is due to the reason that, bollywood movies involves the stories having social messages and the struggle of the masses in the daily life. Compared to this, Hollywood and other major movie industries convey more complicated story through their movies. Thus, the audience is finding easier to understand and relate with the bollywood movies compared to other movies. Another aspect that can be added here is the commercial viability of the bollywood movies which is more than that of other movie industries. The entire approach and design of the movies is being initiated keeping in mind the commercial viability of the project. Thus, the movies are being made according to the taste and preference pattern of the audience. It helps to attract the audience more effectively by serving them the product that they will en joy. Buga and Meyer (2012), stated that the migration of the Indian population is growing by leaps and bound and majority of the Asian countries are having large number of Indian population. Thus, this is another influencing factor for the gaining of popularity by the bollywood movies in the foreign countries. More people are being influenced by the Indian population living abroad and the culture of bollywood movies is gaining market penetration. According to Matusitz and Payano (2012), bollywood is slowing evolving as popular culture in major Asian countries due to many reasons. He also stated the catchy sound track of the bollywood movies is one of the key reasons of attracting foreign audiences. Moreover, according to him, bollywood movies are being perceived as the mode of entertainment only rather than the broader perspective of the Hollywood movies. Thus, this commercial factor is more influencing the popularity of the bollywood movies in the major Asian countries. However, there are various opposing views being given by different authors regarding the effectiveness of the bollywood movies. This is due to the reason that portrayal of bollywood movies is having various implications in the lifestyle of them. According to Ganti (2012), it is the time for the bollywood movies to look beyond the song and dance sequences and come out with more practical stories rather than portraying larger than life characters. It is also been stated that the portrayal of the characters in the bollywood movies are far away from the practical situation. Therefore, this shortcoming of the bollywood movies may have adverse effect on the audience. Another issue being stated by Tere (2012), regarding the bollywood movies is the representation of the females. Bollywood movies are notoriously known for representing females as sexual means. The dance and the movie sequence are being plotted in such way that it will represent the female characters as sexual objects. Moreover, according to the author, bollywood movies are accused for numerous times for wrong portrayal of the characters which often lead to misconceptions. Due to the reason of the rising bollywood culture, various social cultures based on caste, creed and religion are being type casted and stereotyped. Moreover, the art content of the film is being sacrificed for inducting more commercial elements. This cause quality reduction not only for the movies but also the audience is being deprived from having good content in the movies. However, with rise of the popularity of bollywood culture in different Asian countries and accepting it as the popular cultures by the major section of the populations is providing mileage for the soft power democracy for India (Blarel 2012). This is due to the reason that with the increase in the market of the bollywood movies, the business opportunities of the Indian Diaspora is also increasing. In addition, the influence of the bollywood movies on the common people will also help to expand the Indian culture in other Asian countries. More number of people will be attracted towards the Indian culture. Therefore, the soft democracy and bargaining power for India will rise in the Asian regions. Having analyzed the various aspects of the bollywood movies being transforming in to popular culture in majority of the Asian countries, it can be concluded that the content and the commercial elements of the bollywood movies are attracting more number of audiences. Bollywood movies are providing the instant and short term entertainment which is not being provided by movies from other leading film industries. This factor is further influencing the audiences to accept it as the popular culture. However, the drawbacks of the bollywood movies are also being critically analyzed in this essay. Thus, it s being recommended that overcoming the issues and introduction of good and healthy content will help bollywood movies to gain more popularity not only in the Asian regions but also around the world. Reference Blarel, N., 2012. India: the next superpower?: India's soft power: from potential to reality?. Buga, N. and Meyer, J.B., 2012.Indian human resources mobility: brain drain versus brain gain. Daspit, T. and Weaver, J.A. eds., 2012. Popular culture and critical pedagogy: Reading, constructing, connecting. Routledge. Ganti, T., 2012. No longer a frivolous singing and dancing nation of movie-makers: the Hindi film industry and its quest for global distinction.Visual Anthropology,25(4), pp.340-365. Matusitz, J. and Payano, P., 2012. Globalisation of popular culture: from hollywood to bollywood.South Asia Research,32(2), pp.123-138. Morcom, A., 2017. Hindi film songs and the cinema. Routledge. Mukherjee, M., 2012. The architecture of songs and music: soundmarks of Bollywood, a popular form and its emergent texts.Screen Sound Journal,3, pp.9-34. Roy, A.G. ed., 2012.The magic of Bollywood: at home and abroad. SAGE Publications India. Roy, S., 2016. Whats in a Name?: Examining Representation of Indian Ethnicities in Bollywood Movies in the New Millennium. InCommunicating Differences(pp. 87-103). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Tere, N.S., 2012. Gender reflections in mainstream Hindi cinema.Global Media Journal,3(1), pp.1-9. Thussu, D., 2013. Communicating Indias soft power: Buddha to Bollywood. Springer. Willis, A., 2013. Notes on the Hindi blockbuster, 1975 to the present.Movie Blockbusters, p.255.